![]() ![]() The range of agreeing adjuncts, however, often goes far beyond the range of expressions that are generally regarded as secondary predicates in a language like English (see sections 2.5 and 3.3). First, many of them have a rich case system, with secondary predicates obligatorily agreeing in case. Australian languages are interesting for the theory of secondary predication in a number of ways. Studies of Australian languages have made important contributions to the theory of secondary predication, but these languages also pose a number of problems which still remain to be solved, and raise the question of how secondary predicates can be delimited from other construction types. This has implications for both the analysis and description of subordination in Australian Aboriginal languages, and for their relationship to the typological literature on subordination more generally. I argue, therefore, that clause-combining in Australian languages may be more structurally heterogeneous than is traditionally assumed, and that a single analysis for complex sentences across a majority of Australian languages is quite likely inappropriate. The differences between subordinate clauses in Warlpiri and Wambaya show that complex constructions in Australian languages can be structurally dissimilar while sharing many of the properties of the ‘adjoined relative clause’ type. In this paper I present an analysis of subordinate clauses in Wambaya, arguing that these share many features of Hale's ‘adjoined relative clause’ while still being clearly subordinate. Since this paper, almost every Australian grammar makes some reference to this clause type, presenting a general picture of structural homogeneity across subordination structures in Australian languages, and leading to the general perception that Australian languages typically don't have syntactic embedding. ![]() Studies of subordination in Australian Aboriginal languages have been heavily influenced by Hale's foundational paper on the ‘adjoined relative clause’-a non-embedded, multifunctional subordinate clause type found in Warlpiri and a ‘large number of Australian languages’. ![]()
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